Interracial Figures of the American Renaissance Essay -- Literature Es

Interracial Figures of the American Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay examines Cora from The Last of the Mohicans, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Ann Jacobs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Renaissance marks a period of social injustice and the fight of the minority to bring about social change. Women and African-Americans (who were freed or escaped from slavery) begin to gain a voice through literacy, and use that voice to start the movement to abolish slavery and gain women rights. The development of literacy makes it impossible to ignore women and African-Americans because their writing provides a permanent record of the horrors of slavery and injustice of oppressing the minority groups. Furthermore, the gain in literacy by these groups makes Anglo-Saxons face the realities of their world and challenges the American dream. Perhaps the most fascinating result of the destruction to the American dream is the introduction of the interracial character. During this period of history (and long after it) the myth existed th at the races were pure. Judith R. Berzon in her book Neither White Nor Black: The Mulatto Character in American Fiction, attributes the emergence of interracial characters in the nineteenth and twentieth century to "(1) a widespread fear of miscegenation; (2) the tenacious view that mulattoes are a ÃŽdegenerate, sterile and short-lived breedà ¢ ; (3) the unresolved dilemma of the social and economic roles of the emancipated African-American; and (4) the unease with which Caucasians generally regarded those who carry traits of both racial groups" (19). The interracial characters exposed the reality in America, that the children of slaves on the plantation were a result of white slave owners having intercourse with their slaves. Co... ...s, an American Slave." Paul Laufer, ed. The Heath Anthology of American Literature, vol 1, 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. Douglass, Frederick. "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July." Paul Laufer, ed. The Heath Anthology of American Literature, vol 1, 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. Jacobs, Harriet Ann. "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl." Paul Laufer, ed. The Heath Anthology of American Literature, vol 1, 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. Kinney, James. Amalgamation! Race, Sex, and Rhetoric in the Nineteenth-Century American Novel. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985. Mills, Charles W. "Whose Fourth of July? Frederick Douglass and ÃŽOriginal Intent.à ¢" Bill E. Lawson and Frank M. Kirkland, eds. Frederick Douglass: A Critical Reader. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.   

Ukraine After The Chernobyl Disaster in 1986 Essay -- neutralization pr

At the beginning of our project we considered Bertolt Brecht as a possible practitioner for our piece. By using his alienation technique we planned to create a multi-media theatre performance. As a collective, we considered doing this by examining relevant topics and implementing a mixture of verbatim theatre and devised script techniques. However, Augusto Boal is the name of the practitioner that we mainly used throughout the show. We chose Boal, because of the nature of his techniques, which allowed us to experiment with various themes and ideas throughout the performance. Our genuine idea was to create a piece that would show how the media can be used as a source of manipulation of the mass population. Furthermore, showing how the government can use this medium in their advantage, hence controlling the minds of the masses. We based this idea on Boal’s techniques that would involve the audience’s participation. A member of our group came up with the idea of luring the audience into believing that something is real, when in fact it was completely made-up by our group. By using Boal’s theatre techniques such as Forum Theatre, Joker System, Newspaper Theatre and Image Theatre we set out to convince our audience that the British government are planning to release into the atmosphere a new chemical compound called E307 that slows down cells degeneration, thus making people live longer and be healthier. The E307 compound stemmed from our initial idea to create a gas called â€Å"Anarchy Gas† that would have been used to counteract and absorb some of the nuclear radiation over Ukraine after the Chernobyl Disaster in 1986 and eventually speed up the neutralization process. As we delved into our research we divided ourselves in pairs, in or... ...-techniques.html. Last accessed 19th May 2014. David Farmer. (2010). Image Theatre. Available: http://dramaresource.com/strategies/image-theatre. Last accessed 20th May 2014. S. Leigh Thompson. (2006). What is Theatre of the Oppressed?: Image Theatre. Available: http://theforumproject.org/whatisto/imagetheatre/. Last accessed 20th May 2014. Jaqueline D. Burleson (1991). AUGUSTO BOAL’S THEATRE OF THE OPPRESSED IN THE PUBLIC SPEAKING AND INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION CLASSROOMS . Louisiana State University: The Department of Communication Studies. 17-30. The Brecht Forum. (2007). AUGUSTO BOAL & THE THEATER OF THE OPPRESSED. Available: http://brechtforum.org/abouttop. Last accessed 22nd May 2014. Alex Maccioni. (2009). AUGUSTO BOAL: THEATRE OF THE OPPRESSED. Available: http://chiaroscuromagazine.com/critique/augusto-boal-theatre-oppressed. Last accessed 22nd May 2014.

Knarles & Barkley Essay

There are several things that have gone wrong in the case we were given to examine. Knarles had left his 17-year-old son Barkley to look after the Maryland based facilities maintenance business while Knarles attended a convention in Hawaii. The exact scope of the duties to be performed in Knarles’ absence was not given to the reader. Knarles and Barkley’s company had a roster of satisfied clients who they maintained a working relationship without the benefit of a signed renewal contract. Knarles had a professional relationship with his clients for a number of years, an express contract would not be considered unusual under these circumstances. Part of the services Knarles and Barkley (referred to hereafter as K & B) provided was a paid replacement of outdated and broken equipment that were part of a building heating system as well as the cosmetic maintenance required. In addition to his other duties, Barkley was responsible for renewing an employee’s license, whi ch was a feature of the plumber’s employment contract. His failure to do so resulted in having an unlicensed plumber on staff, which can affect future dealings with clients that require plumbing services for their buildings. Although Barkley was instructed by Knarles to take care of the licensing and gain experience in this area of building maintenance operations, I blame the plumber for not looking after his own interest and putting something as valuable as having a working license be the responsibility of someone else. A sensible employee would have negotiated the renewal fee to be reimbursed upon receiving an updated license. The state of Maryland, K & B’s home state, offers online renewal of application, which does seem complicated or time consuming. 1 Even though the plumber was licensed out of the District of Columbia, the WSSC will reciprocate a plumber’s license from D.C, Maryland and Virginia. During Knarles’ absence, Barkley was approached by Ian Chetum owner of a business in Virginia, to perform the facili ties maintenance on his establishment. K&Bs’ service had clients in the DC/Maryland/Virginia area and therefore Barkley sent Ian a standard agreement to which Ian signed and sent the appropriate fee to begin to receive services. A contract creates an agency that was implied from facts and circumstances. In this case Barkley was operating the business with his father. The problem here that although Barkley was acting as an agent for the maintenance company he was seventeen years old and both â€Å"parties to a contract must be legally capable of  entering into a contract. A minor, a lunatic, or the principal of an agent, not authorized to act in such a capacity is not responsible for debts contracted, therefore none of them could be parties to a contract.†2 No doubt Barkley grew up in the industry and appeared to Chetum to be a reasonable person giving the impression that he was capable of offering and accepting the contract. â€Å"In some cases, if the minor had purposely misrepresented his or her age, the minor may not be permitted to avoid the contract.†3 Our scenario seems to imply that offer and acceptance (although under doubtful terms) was met. The buyer (Chetum) promised to purchase all products (in this case a mixed sale of goods and services) it requires from the seller (K & B) and fulfilled his financial obligation by sending in an initial payment. A short time after the contract was signed; Chetum contacts K & B regarding one of his properties without heat. Barkley who is still in charge of the operations sends over his lapsed license plumber to look into the situation. The plumber immediately finds a House Warmer Boiler that was recalled due to a carbon monoxide venting failure. â€Å"..a product maybe defectively designed if it is found that it fails to perform safely according to ordinary consumer expectations.†4 While House Warmer is guilty of a defect in either manufacture or design, they did discover the defect and followed proper procedure for notifying purchasers and users. We are not told what steps House Warmer followed from there; but it was obvious to a trained plumber that the item was not in operat ing condition. At this point, the issue of who sold the boiler comes into play. The Restatement (Second) of Torts Section 402A indicates that a seller is ultimately responsible for a defective condition. The Restatement (Third) of Torts loosely translates to that when the boiler was sold with the manufacturing defect the strict liability falls on House Warmer. â€Å"An important component of product liability is that there occurred a sale of the defective product. As set forth in the UCC (2-106(i), a sale is defined as the passing of title from the seller to the buyer for a price.† 5 The case study indicates that the boiler was purchased at a salvage yard. The salvage yard â€Å"..who engages in buying or selling used products is generally not susceptible to strict liability because the chain of distribution has been broken.†6 In addition to the boiler being recalled, the plumber notices that the boiler was improperly installed, adding another potential hazard released by the  boiler. â€Å"However, where the product was already in a defective s tate before it reached the hands of the assembler or installer, courts differ as to their imposition of strict liability. Liability may turn on their ability to detect the defect during the assembly or installation.†7 What we have been told about Chetum’s penny-pinching habits, he may have had a non-licensed operator install this boiler to save a few dollars. The plumber immediately notifies Barkley of the situation who in turn notifies Chetum, who does not want to pay for a new working boiler and tells Barkley to have his plumber fix it no matter what. Obviously the contract between Chetum and K & B does not have an exculpatory clause that would relieve K & B from the continuation of negligence (carbon monoxide exposure in an apartment building). Barkley is showing his inexperience in this matter and could have easily sited UCC 2 – Sale of Services, claiming this situation is â€Å"†¦so one sided and detrimental to the interest of one of the parties that it operates to render the contract unenforceable.†8 The interest in this case refers to the excellent service K & B ha ve offered their clients over the years. Barkely, operating on the theory that the customer is always right, tells the plumber to continue to fix the boiler since that’s what the customer wants at this point in time. Barkley and the plumber (acting as his agent) are as guilty (negligent) of exposing those people to carbon monoxide poisoning as Chetum is. Even though Barkley is a minor, and isn’t well versed in every aspect of the maintenance building field, he should have trusted his plumber’s opinion and not ordered the plumber to complete the job. Barkley, acting as an agent to K& B and not standing behind his plumber’s opinion and ordering the plumber to put in a defective item, has put the company in a precarious position. A toxic tort is a tort caused by an individual’s contact with a toxic substance, which due to Chetum’s order and Barkley and his agent, the plumber are all responsible for continuing to expose the tenants to. Our poor plumber, following orders has repaired the boiler so it can continue for the rest of the winter, given to him by an underage boss. Nothing is indicated what the plumber had completed a work order form. A completion of work certificate would have a portion of the plumber’s opinion written down, claiming that the client was notified of the defective recalled boiler and completed the job to client’s wishes against his professional opinion. A completion certificate, â€Å"†¦is often relied on to  counter arguments raised later that, in fact, the job was not finished as promised or that the consumer was not satisfied with the work performed..†9 A signed completion of work certificate, although will not get K & B off the negligence charge, would possibly help a case further down the road, should Chetum claim he never knew about the condition of the boiler. At this point, I need to add my own diversity of citizenship issue to this case. I am not aware of the lease violation that occurred in this Virginia apartment complex, but in New Jersey, all leased apartments must have a carbon monoxide detector in them. The tenant is not allowed to remove the batteries unl ess to replace the batteries, but not allowed to disengage the working alarm, this is to allow the tenants to know that they are being exposed to a serious invisible chemical and seek not only medical attention but I am responsible for remedying the situation. I am not sure what Virginia’s position is on notifying tenants when a leak has been found, but I’m sure that they would consider the three parties (Chetum, K&B, and the plumber) all negligent. Knarles returns from Hawaii and at a business luncheon discussed with colleagues finds out about the Chetum incident that was reported in the local paper. Knarles and his colleagues Knarles makes a slanderous comment about Chetum during the luncheon, which is followed by other colleagues coming up with similar comments. Unfortunately, as this case begins to unravel, a seemingly immature comment may â€Å"†¦tend to harm the reputation of another as to lower him in the estimation of the community, or deter third persons from associating or dealing with him.†10 Knarles’ colleague Joe Stucko made a vapid comment that he could not validate about a HVAC system but shed some light on Chetum’s overall business dealings. After leaving the luncheon Barkley informs Knarles about the contract and the boiler. Knarles contacts Chetum tells him he wants to void the contract and refunds the initial payment minus work done by the plumber. Chetum at this point sues K& B; therefore mutual rescission was not met. Breaking the contract involves several issues in this case. As previously mentioned the contract was negotiated with an underage minor, who we are not sure if he had contractual powers while his father was away, could be one way to legally dissolve the contract. Chetum may claim that he was duped into believing the contract was valid since the external appearance of Barkley led him to believe that Barkley was a legitimate agent for the firm. Second,  the fact that Chetum, K & B, and the plumber are all negligent of carbon monoxide poisoning and that K & B wants to distance themselves from Chetum, might be a reason for breaking the contract, it should be noted that parties to an illegal contract (keeping the flow of carbon monoxide going in the apartment complex) are responsible for their actions and their actions during the contract may have no standing in court. Not having complete knowledge of Virginia’s public policy on carbon monoxide exposure in apartment complexes, a b reach of ethics is a concern. K & B’s actions, with the boiler repair/carbon monoxide poisoning, will no doubt hurt their fine reputation in the region for providing building maintenance that Knarles’ worked years to attain. It is possible that K & B may feel that continuing to service Chetum may require them to perform a future illegal act and they feel uncomfortable about doing future business with them based on the recent events. The last in the series of arguments on valid reasons K & B could present for breaking the contract is that Chetum prevented them from fulfilling their end of the bargain, which is to provide safe and reliable maintenance service. There are several courses of remedy that the courts may decide upon. If the courts decide to honor the contract then they have the option of choosing specific performance, if this is the case it would be based on the unique benefit Chetum receives and K & B need to fulfill the contract until it expires, however, it is doubtful that the courts wa nt to be involved in monitoring the decisions made by K & B and Chetum, given the original situation. A form of reformation, where perhaps it could be negotiated that K & B performs cosmetic maintenance on the properties and not handles the commercial maintenance. It is doubtful based on the personalities and the situation involved that either mediation or arbitration would conclude the problem. Some form of compensatory damages may have to be paid by K & B to have another service maintain the buildings until Chetum finds another service that would fulfill his requirements. Monetary damages based on the position breaking the contract put Chetum in might be considered. Naturally attorney fees will have to be paid until this situation is resolved if this was in the original contract.

Library vs. Internet

COMPUTERIZED LIBRARY SYSTEM: Foreign Study Chapter I Project Overview Introduction Nowadays, in a highly technological society, human productivity is made more efficient through the development of electronic gadgets. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to realize that technology is advancing at an incredibly fast pace. Computers are not confined to being used for entertainment but its role in education is also vast. Library is derived from the old French term â€Å"librairie† which means â€Å"a collection of books. † Reading materials in school are stored in libraries.Library is a place in which books and related materials are kept for use but not for sale. It is also organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution or a private individual. In addition, it is a place in which we get information in any format and from many sources. The librarian has to keep the room neat so that it is conducive for learning. The librarian is also the person who is liable for monitoring all the books that are borrowed and returned by the borrowers. http://www. studymode. com/essays/Computerized-Library-System-427957. html Local Studies About Library System- A Sample ThesisLibrary systems, comparisons and contrasts. For the children of today, going to the library,  searching  through the card catalogue to look for books on topics they need to research on is quite archaic! However, many of us still remember how time consuming this was. The kids of today certainly have it easy. Imagine getting all the information you need with one-click of your mouse!?! An  integrated library system  (ILS), also known as a  library management system  (LMS), is an  enterprise resource planning  system for a  library, used to track items owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed.An ILS usually comprises a  relational database, software to interact with that datab ase, and two  graphical user interfaces  (one for patrons, one for staff). Most ILSes separate software functions into discrete programs called modules, each of them integrated with a unified interface. Examples  of modules might include:  §Ã‚  Ã‚  acquisitions (ordering, receiving, and  invoicing  materials)  §Ã‚  Ã‚  cataloging  (classifying and indexing materials)  §Ã‚  Ã‚  circulation (lending materials to patrons and receiving them back)  §Ã‚  Ã‚  serials  (tracking  magazine and  newspaper  holdings)  §Ã‚  Ã‚  the  OPAC  (public interface for users)Each patron and item has a unique ID in the database that allows the ILS to track its activity. Larger libraries use an ILS to order and acquire, receive and invoice, catalog, circulate, track and shelve materials. Smaller libraries, such as those in private homes or  non-profit organizations  (like churches or synagogues, for instance), often forgo the expense and maintenance required to run an ILS, and instead use a library computer system. (Wikipedia) Automation of the catalog saves the labor involved in re-sorting the card catalog, keeping it up-to-date with respect to the collection, etc.Other tasks which are now automated include checking-out and checking-in books, generating statistics and reports, acquisitions and subscriptions, indexing journal articles and linking to them, as well as  tracking  interlibrary loans. Since the late 1980s,  windowing systems  and multi-tasking have allowed the integration of business functions. Instead of having to open up separate applications, library staff could now use a single application with multiple functional modules.As the  Internet  grew, ILS vendors offered more functionality related to computer networks. As of 2009  major ILS systems offer web-based portals where library users can log in to view their account, renew their books, and authenticate themselves for access to  online databases. (Wikipedia) In r ecent years some libraries have turned to major open source ILSs such as  Koha  and  Evergreen. Common reasons noted were to avoid vendor lock in, avoid license fees, and participate in software development. Librarytechnology. rg does an annual survey of over 1,500 libraries and noted in 2008 2%[3]  of those surveyed used open source ILS, in 2009 the number increased to 8%[4]  and in 2010(most recent year available) 12%[5]  of the libraries polled had adopted open source ILSs. (Wikipedia) Read more:  http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2011/06/local-studies-about-library-system-a-sample-thesis. html#ixzz2DsPW4UYZ http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2011/06/local-studies-about-library-system-a-sample-thesis. html Library: foreign literatureThe network libraries now have autonomous library systems (TINLIB version 280 of IME) with reciprocal access to each others catalogs via the PHnet. Training on site and in UK has been provided by IME to the s taff of the network. Staff expertise on the use of all the modules of TINLIB running on UNIX has been brought to a level where the staff can now confidently train others and maintain the system. Online support via the Internet is also provided by IME upon request. The choice of a common library system was decided by the technical committee of the network libraries to have a uniform platform, training programs, import profiles, etc. cross the network and for ease in establishing a user group/systems administration group. TINLIB was chosen because it met the systems specifications prepared by the technical working group, and had favorable references from users. Additional features which gave it an edge over other systems is its utilization of hypertext techniques, client-server architecture, and ability to import and export data from any of the databases existing in the network libraries. The library directors and heads are under tremendous pressure to continue and expand the networke d services.Four of the services which need to be implemented immediately are:          1) the creation of a union catalog for books, audio-visual, serials and Filipiniana articles and researches;          2) access to CD-ROM abstracts and indexes and full text journals and references from any site on the network, subject to copyright and licensing agreement with suppliers and publishers;          3) development of networking navigation tools and training programs; and          4) building of sufficient monetary resources and/or commitment of university officials to allocating sufficient funds for the maintenance of the network. ) transforming the College of Science library into a National Science Library and Information Center to widen the scope of its services http://www. studymode. com/essays/Library-Foreign-Literature-906068. html

A Study of Brand Image towards Customers Satisfaction

In the recent competitive world, brand image of any company is important such as products or service offerings. Business organization mostly considers brand image as one of the powerful tool and asset for their success. In this particular research proposal, Sainsbury organization is selected which is a retail organization in United Kingdom. This study deals with understanding the key underlying factors of brand image and perceived value on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in Sainsbury retail organization. Customer loyalty as well as customer satisfaction is a widely accepted issues prevailing in the business organization. This is mainly applicable as marketing benchmark in case of checking over the performance of Sainsbury retail organization. It is imperative to demonstrate that if a consumer is satisfied with the products and services of the corporation then the customer can display loyal attitude towards the particular brand. This loyalty of the consumers towards the bra nd is reflected through the willingness of the customer to pay more, offer positive word of mouth and display of loyal attitudes and behaviors. As rightly put forward by (), success of organizations can be regarded as a direct consequence of the brand image and can be enumerated as an important characteristic of the present marketing strategy. Sainsbury's is a nationwide commercial corporation that offers financial services and is primarily a supermarket retailer; marketing food, clothing in addition to different home products. Sainsbury’s, the superstore is a part of the multi-national corporation J Sainsbury that serves the markets of both UK and USA. The Sainsbury’s superstore was first founded during the year 1869 by John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury and is considered as one of the longest standing major food retailing chain having 788 stores (Sainsburys.co.uk. 2016). Sainsbury’s, one of the largest operators of the supermarket chains in the United Kingdom, has more than 440 stores that stock more than 23000 products with more than 40% of the items carrying the Sainsbury’s brand. Again, the company Sainsbury has diverse chains that include the Sainsbury's Superstore, Sainsbury's Property Company and Sainsbury's Bank. In addition to this, there are JS Developments that operate in the markets of UK, while Star Market and Shaw's are located in the USA (Sainsburys.co.uk. 2016). The problem issues in the present research include assessment of the attitudes of the consumers within the limited period of 7 weeks and limited resources. Again, the present study includes a small sized sample of 100 participants; therefore, the current study might fail to represent the real vision of all the customers of the UK. Again, the sample selected through the non-probabilistic sampling might not adequately represent the customers of the Sainsbury and might also include the sampling errors that might prevent the learner from obtaining the real vision of the customers regarding the effect of the brand name on the customer satisfaction as well as loyalty. The present study intends to scrutinize the   loyalty of consumers to different brands and analyses and identifies different problems along with viable solutions that can be used by corporate units as strategic moves The rationale of the present research is to investigate the impact of brand image on the satisfaction of the customers as well as intention of customer loyalty. The present study can help in understanding the nature and characteristics of association between brand image and customer satisfaction and loyalty intention in the context of the operations of the supermarket chain of Sainsbury. The current study can assist the potential financiers, academic researchers, government units in gaining important insights into the nature of the association between the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. As claimed by (Zameer et al. 2015), â€Å"a successful brand image enables customers in identifying needs that mainly satisfies and differentiate brand from its nearest competitors†. This is a term, name as well as symbol and any other features used for distinguishing from one company product to others. Branding procedures mainly adopts differentiation one individual cattle from applied marketing strategies. It is the exclusive set of relations especially present in the mind of clients concerning any brand situates and implied promises. Brand image is mainly developed with the help of advertising campaigns for consistent time and direct pricing of product. Moreover, Gurhan and Kandampully (2013) asserted that customer desires in purchasing products from supposed brand name and drawing concentration to their behaviors in certain situational perspective. Brand loyalty is the ideal measurement from the health of organization. Researcher’s reports that 5% increment in custo mer satisfaction produces profitability ranging from 25 to 95% in more than 14 industries. Competition takes place among the major key retailers like Tesco, Sainsbury as well as ASDA and Morrison. Competition is highly increasing for way to increase in attracting clientele. Diverse organization contain own individuality in popular brand in the UK marketplace. In this particular study, Sainsbury retail organization is taken into consideration who aims at adopting strategies for capturing elevated market share and enhancing buyer satisfaction level (Aaker 2012). Effects of brand representation on buyer satisfaction as well as faithfulness purpose in Sainsbury retail organization. This mainly refers to place of property as well as liability in association with brand name and symbol. According to Wirtz et al. (2013), brand fairness refers to exclusive cost of advertising compulsory by a particular product. It refers to the optimistic influence over product equity and occurs when customers are willing to spend more due to attractiveness in connection with products and services. One of the instance about brand as an equity type considers as law obligations for preservation of intellectual property. Brand equity can even be destroyed due to inappropriate management. For instance, poor client service inversely affects brand image leads towards decrease in the sales volume (Gurhan and Kandampully 2013). Brand values recognize producers as well as consumers with the help of deep-rooted legal organization. Most of the countries set up legal system for copyright and tackling through piracy. As opined by TuÃ… ¡kej, Golob and Podnar 2013), product is a tradable creation having reliable quantifiable monetary worth. Sainsbury is scheduled in the index of FTSE 100. Customers having positive image will not be focusing mainly on temporary promotional offer but over the overall brand. There are major classifications of product equity named as brand alertness, professed quality as well as brand faithfulness and brand relations. Brand Awareness - It is single of the major determinants of product equity. It mainly indicates the ability of the possible clientele in recognizing as well as recalling other brand. It is important for the clientele that they should be conscious regarding the product worth and their buying choice at the same time. Brand with high awareness has higher level of probability in purchasing items at retail chain organization (Gurhan and Kandampully 2013). â€Å"Brand Loyalty† - It is solitary of the major solution factor of product equity having direct positive influences. It indicates that a personality purchases goods as well as services from same brand in comparison with other brands. Brand Associations - It is distinct as cordial connection between brand as well as memory. It is a composite thought, which mainly connections with one an additional like several episodes, facts as well as ideas and examples. It aims at generating knowledge of brand network. Perceived Quality - It mainly refers to the perception of clientele of advantage on largely quality of products and services. It is one of the types of tangible product in towards brand recognition. Particular brand perceived quality aims at generating values with the help of offering from purchase, charging premium prices as well as motivating members to the channels of distribution. As opined by Tu, Li and Chih (2013), â€Å"satisfaction is the consumers fulfillment response†. It is that judgment of merchandise and examination features having agreeable level of consumption-related satisfaction involving level of under-fulfillment. Similarly, So et al. (2013) stated that earlier studies on customer satisfaction emphasized on effects of prospect as well as performance and disconfirmation of potential. As mentioned by Severi and Ling (2013), customer expectations are mostly pre-trial beliefs in regard with product working through orientation position or contrast normal on the product appearance. There are different literatures present on customer satisfaction focusing on expectations as well as needs of customers. Some of the researchers emphasizes mainly on the capabilities of using innovation as well as advanced technology in enhancing customer services. Some others indicate in understanding the significance of companies for focusing on customer services. Company mostly adopt unique instrument for measuring the client approval. As per Selnes (2013), customer satisfaction assessment is one of the key mechanisms used by successful organizations in current financial system in and around the globe. Customer satisfaction measurement helps in holding the existing customer as well as providing directions on attracting the new customers in the competitive trade surroundings. As opined by Ryu, Lee and Gon (2012), dimension of customer satisfaction understand the extent of helping organization for bringing improvement in their customer services. It is noticed that content customers mostly advocate products and services to family and friends. Nguyen, Leclerc and LeBlanc (2013) summary their earlier ten scope of examine quality to five scopes mentioned below: Tangibles- Tangibles relates with various physical equipments like counters, lights as well as physical environments and computers. Reliability- Reliability concerns mainly with capability for performing the promised services on accurate form. Addition to that, it relates with ability of trouble solving as well as time limits and service rights of the clientele (Severi and Ling 2013). â€Å"Responsiveness†- Responsiveness relates with enthusiasm to help customer, easily achievable in sequence as well as prompt services and responding demand of the clientele. â€Å"Assurance†- Assurance regards mainly to politeness, employee understandings as well as knowledge and their capability in stimulating confidence and trust especially to the customers (Muth, Ismail and Langfeldt 2012). â€Å"Empathy† - Empathy connects with kind individual attention as well as individual repair and sympathetic of specified desires of the clientele (Severi and Ling 2013). Scholars enclose their own set of disagreement regarding the significance as well as significance of SERVQUAL model. On the contrary, Muth, Ismail and Langfeldt (2012) assert that SERVQUAL dimension applies by lot of scholars for assessing customer satisfaction in institutions like banking, hospitals, educations, hotels as well as telecommunications and restaurants. In this particular context, researcher mainly adopts SERVQUAL model for evaluating customer satisfaction level at the retailers in the countries. Due to elevated competition and other related environmental issues, customer satisfaction as well as examine quality becomes on one of the fundamental marketing strategy for business companies. It requires enough enhancing service quality for long-term sustainability as well as growth for dealing with the threats and challenges in the competitive environment (Severi and Ling 2013). Service quality is the extent that mainly concerns with service offered by Sainsbury organization in meeting or exceeding customer expectations. Service quality is complicated in nature for measuring the customer service providers from different backgrounds for equivalent services and products. The first model mainly examines in the quality of services as proposed by Martà ­nez and del Bosque (2013) focusing on three major factors like technical quality as well as useful quality and representation quality. In this particular representation, scientific quality refers as what is being delivered as well as functional quality indicates process of service delivery at the same time. One of the famous models for customer satisfaction measurement is known as SERVQUAL as future by Lee et al. (2015). It mainly focuses on examine quality as well as difference between customer expectations and their perceptions regarding purchase products or services. Examination quality assessment based upon evaluation on the examiner deliverance as well as service outcomes. It mainly asserts good scale of usage as well as assessment for quality services in Sainsbury retail organization. It is one of the selected meaningful tools for association of assessed specific services for confirming valid as w ell as reliable outcomes (Muth, Ismail and Langfeldt 2012). Researchers adopt this model for evaluating level of customer satisfaction at Sainsbury retail organization. In this regard, Kapferer (2012) have asserted that more than fifty prepared definition of product loyalty divided as behavioral as well as composite approach. In this study, researchers found more that 60% loyalty measures in behavioral terms. According to He, Li and Harris (2012), customer loyalty defines that â€Å"a deep held commitment to repurchase or re-patronize a preferred products or services consistently in the near future†. It constantly causes recurring product set purchase depending upon the situational influence as well as making efforts in having potential causes for switching behaviors. Few scholars suggest that adopting behavioral as well as attitudinal approach for providing influential meaning towards brand loyalty. Behavioral assessment corresponds with static result from dynamic decision procedures. It makes no particular attempt in recognizing the elements for essential brand loyalty buying as well as causal factors (Muth, Ismail and Langfeldt 2012). On t he contrary, attitudinal assessment relates feelings of customers for definite intentions such as willingness for recommending and repurchasing services or products. Addition to that, they added that Sainsbury retail organization obtains in order of repurchase intention at measuring client approval in the most appropriate way. It is important to understand the fact that optimistic product image contribute towards enhancing client loyalty and building strong brand image for the company. Brand representation is considered necessary for companies for gaining life customer loyalty leading to gear up organizational efficiency. According to Hameed (2013), store image associates relates directly with store satisfactions. Some of the other factors include social motives as well as relationship with clientele has contrary belongings especially on client faithfulness. This mainly considers committed relationships between organizations as well as customers for keeping well-built link between brand picture and client loyalty. A investigates by Chung, Yu and Shin (2015) establish that there is no significant link between satisfaction as well as loyalty. Corporate representation associates with other elements such as approval has no significant belongings on faithfulness. Reputation leads towards customer loyalty due to high level of trust in getting public relation. Researchers confirm that client satisfaction positively influences on customer loyalty. When a particular customer is happy with the brand, then customer will recommend it to others and will not switch to other brands. From most of the empirical researches, retail image verifies that customer satisfaction strongly affects loyalty intention like intention for repurchasing particular product (Muth, Ismail and Langfeldt 2012). It demonstrates that customers claims towards high-satisfied customers for becoming loyal for the business organization. The development of the conceptual structure illustrates the association between the benefits of the brand image, customer satisfaction, satisfaction of the customers and the loyalty of consumers (Muth, Ismail and Langfeldt 2012). The careful facets of the product image are essentially the useful, representative, communal, and empirical and emergence augments. The development of the hypotheses primarily based on the empirical evidences and the literature are as follows: â€Å"H1: There exists a positive association between the advantages of the brand image and customer satisfaction† â€Å"H2: There is a positive relationship between the brand image and the customer loyalty intention† â€Å"H3: There exists a positive association between satisfaction of the customer and the loyalty intention† From the above reviewed literatures on product image, customer loyalty as well as client approval and any other relationships following the conceptual framework (Amin, Isa and Fontaine 2013). The above conceptual framework develops relationship among brand image benefits as well as customer approval and faithfulness meaning. Some of the careful factor of product image involves useful, symbolical and manifestation. As rightly put forward by John Kuada (2012), researches are essentially based on different underlying philosophical assumptions and valid research methods that are appropriate for the development of the knowledge in a particular study. The present segment on research methodology refers to different research procedures and the design that the learner can utilize in the current study. The research design refers to different strategies, instruments, tools and techniques for data collection and interpretation. In addition to this, the research methodologies and the design also explain different stages along with the processes involved in the study. As rightly put forward by Anderson and Shattuck (2012), the research philosophy can be categorized as positivism, interpretivism and realism that help in understanding the results as well as interpretations. The learner can adopt positivism that can help in introducing different subjects with the topic under consideration. The research of positivism refers to the study of the outcomes of the research with detailed research based on statistical techniques on matters related to the effects of the brand image and customer’s perceived quality on the overall satisfaction of the customers (Maxwell 2012). In this case, the researcher can select the research philosophy of positivism as the study involves future analysis of the impact of the brand image on the satisfaction of the customers with special orientation to the operations of Sainsbury. As rightly indicated by Miller   et al.   (2012), the research approach helps in providing an edge in the course of the discussion on effect of the brand image on the satisfaction of the customers and loyalty intention. The research approach essentially involves the inductive as well as the deductive approach for conduction of the research work. As opined by Pickard (2012), the deductive research approach stresses on the causality, whereas the inductive research approach refers to the process of investigation of new phenomena from diverse perspectives. The learner intends to adopt the inductive research approach for the purpose of testing the hypothesis and investigating the new phenomena based on research questions. The learner can consider the samples from more number of stores from different parts of the UK in order to validate different findings. Furthermore, the learner can consider a sample of 100 customers selected from six different retail outlets founded in London. A small sample of 100 customers can be taken into account owing to the time constraints as well as limited resources of the learner. In addition to this, diverse retailing brands are taken into consideration in the survey in a bid to ensure that the participants of the survey are from diverse backgrounds. However, the learner can take into consideration the non-probabilistic sampling that essentially involves the process of random selection. Furthermore, the leaner can also take into account the purposive sampling in the process of non-probability sampling that can help learner to select a predefined group with a specific purpose in mind (Fahy and Jobber 2012). As rightly put forward by Glanz et al. (2012), the primary and secondary data are two different types of data that require different types of skills as well as resources. Researchers in the social field can acquire data by getting it directly from subjects of their interest. The data hereby collected directly from the subject of interest from the field is known as the primary data. Researchers can acquire data on their own by way of surveys, interviews as well as direct observations. In addition to this, the researchers can also make use of the data that has been gathered by someone else. This is known as the secondary data. The secondary data can be collected from the official websites, published reports, journals and newspaper among many others. Therefore, for the purpose of the present study, the learner can also make use of both the primary as well as the secondary data (Jara and Cliquet 2012).   As rightly indicated by Oh   et al.   (2012), it is important to know the sources of the data to know the methods of collection of the data. The learner can take into account the process of sample survey for the purpose of the collection of the primary data required for the present research. The learner can frame the questionnaire containing the pertinent questions for the study and distribute the same to the target respondents of the survey with a request for reply. The responses to the participants gathered from the questionnaire can help the learner in acquiring the requisite data for the study. Again, the official websites, published reports, journals, books and newspapers can also become the sources of the secondary data for the present study (John Kuada 2012). The research work needs to be carried out in an appropriate manner by taking into consideration different ethical issues in mind. A research work needs to be conducted honestly and proper data needs to be used to accomplish the present research. The researcher can acquire primary as well as the secondary data and use it in the research work in an ethical manner. In addition to this, the learner can also take into account other ethical considerations that include objectivity that refers to the need of aversion of the bias in process of the experimental design, data evaluation, data interpretation, peer review along with the other important areas of research that have the need for   objectivity (Jara and Cliquet 2012). Furthermore, the learner also needs to incorporate the integrity in the research that refers to keeping promises as well as agreements, ensure conduction of the activities with sincerity, striving for consistency of actions as well as thoughts. The learner also needs to avoid errors and at the same time negligence and critically scrutinize their own work. In addition to this, the researcher also needs to keep good records of different research actions that include data collection, research design as well as correspondence with diverse agencies and journals. In addition to this, the learner needs to be open to criticisms from different quarters as well as innovative ideas. Moreover, the learner also needs to ensure the non-utilization of different unpublished data, procedures and results without prior permission. The learner also needs to acquire appropriate acknowledgement and credit for different contributions to the research and need to respect the patents, copyrights as well as other forms of intellectual property. Besides this, the learner also needs to be socially responsible and endeavor to promote both social good through the research that can prevent different social damages through research, public education as well as advocacy. The learner also needs to avoid discrimination among different respondents of the survey based on the race, ethnicity as well as other factors. Again, the learner also needs to be aware of the pertinent laws as well as institutional and governmental procedures that are applicable for the present research work. Nevertheless, the learner also needs to make it certain that the present work is used for academic purposes o nly and not for any commercial purposes.   The present research can direct the ways for the further research on the present topic. The areas for future research includes the procedures of handing the brand issues by different academic as well as market researchers, company and marketers. In addition to this, there remains scope for investigating the ways that can enhance the satisfaction of the consumers with the enhancement of the brand image and increase in loyalty of the consumers. Analysis of the strategies, empirical evidences and literature review Assessment of the Research methodology Data collection method- primary and secondary data Assessment and interpretation of data Aaker, D.A., 2012.  Building strong brands. Simon and Schuster. Amin, M., Isa, Z. and Fontaine, R., 2013. Islamic banks: Contrasting the drivers of customer satisfaction on image, trust, and loyalty of Muslim and non-Muslim customers in Malaysia.  International Journal of Bank Marketing,  31(2), pp.79-97. Anderson, T. and Shattuck, J., 2012. Design-based research a decade of progress in education research?.  Educational researcher,  41(1), pp.16-25. Brodie, R.J., Ilic, A., Juric, B. and Hollebeek, L., 2013. Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis.  Journal of Business Research,  66(1), pp.105-114. Chung, K.H., Yu, J.E. and Shin, J.L., 2015, February. The relationship among perceived value, brand image, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty: The moderating effect of gender. In  Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Sciences  (pp. 145-148). Fahy, J. and Jobber, D., 2012.  Foundations of marketing. McGraw-Hill Education. Glanz, K., Bader, M.D. and Iyer, S., 2012. Retail grocery store marketing strategies and obesity: an integrative review.  American journal of preventive medicine,  42(5), pp.503-512. Hameed, F., 2013. The effect of advertising spending on brand loyalty mediated by store image, perceived quality and customer satisfaction: A case of hypermarkets.  Asian Journal of Business Management,  5(1), pp.181-192. He, H., Li, Y. and Harris, L., 2012. Social identity perspective on brand loyalty.  Journal of Business Research,  65(5), pp.648-657. Jara, M. and Cliquet, G., 2012. Retail brand equity: Conceptualization and measurement.  Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,  19(1), pp.140-149. John Kuada, 2012.  Research methodology: A project guide for university students. Samfundslitteratur. Kapferer, J.N., 2012.  The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Lee, D., Moon, J., Kim, Y.J. and Mun, Y.Y., 2015. Antecedents and consequences of mobile phone usability: Linking simplicity and interactivity to satisfaction, trust, and brand loyalty.  Information & Management,52(3), pp.295-304. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.  Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Martà ­nez, P. and del Bosque, I.R., 2013. CSR and customer loyalty: The roles of trust, customer identification with the company and satisfaction.  International Journal of Hospitality Management,  35, pp.89-99. Maxwell, J.A., 2012.  Qualitative research design: An interactive approach: An interactive approach. Sage. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M. and Jessop, J. eds., 2012.  Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Muth, A., Ismail, R. and Langfeldt Boye, C., 2012. Customer Brand Relationship: An empirical study of customers’ perception of brand experience, brand satisfaction, brand trust and how they affect brand loyalty. Nguyen, N., Leclerc, A. and LeBlanc, G., 2013. The mediating role of customer trust on customer loyalty.Journal of service science and management,  6(1), p.96. Oh, L.B., Teo, H.H. and Sambamurthy, V., 2012. The effects of retail channel integration through the use of information technologies on firm performance.  Journal of Operations Management,  30(5), pp.368-381. Pickard, A., 2012.  Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Ryu, K., Lee, H.R. and Gon Kim, W., 2012. The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,  24(2), pp.200-223. Sainsburys.co.uk. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.sainsburys.co.uk [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Selnes, F., 2013. An examination of the effect of product performance on brand reputation, satisfaction and loyalty.  Journal of Product & Brand Management. Severi, E. and Ling, K.C., 2013. The mediating effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality on brand equity.  Asian Social Science,  9(3), p.125. So, K.K.F., King, C., Sparks, B.A. and Wang, Y., 2013. The influence of customer brand identification on hotel brand evaluation and loyalty development.  International journal of hospitality management,  34, pp.31-41. Tu, Y.T., Li, M.L. and Chih, H.C., 2013. An empirical study of corporate brand image, customer perceived value and satisfaction on loyalty in shoe industry.  Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies,  5(7), p.469. TuÃ… ¡kej, U., Golob, U. and Podnar, K., 2013. The role of consumer–brand identification in building brand relationships.  Journal of business research,  66(1), pp.53-59. Wirtz, J., den Ambtman, A., Bloemer, J., Horvà ¡th, C., Ramaseshan, B., van de Klundert, J., Gurhan Canli, Z. and Kandampully, J., 2013. Managing brands and customer engagement in online brand communities.Journal of Service Management,  24(3), pp.223-244. Zameer, H., Tara, A., Kausar, U. and Mohsin, A., 2015. 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Social policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Social policy - Essay Example Many books and articles were written based on these crises. The most notified is that of W.Hutton’s â€Å"The State We Are in†. Certain arguments made by Hutton were welcomed by historians and analysts and certain gave way to a number of controversies. The main points which Hutton wants to emphasize are the shor-termism existing in Britain’s economy, The factors leading to that and what could be the solution to eradicate the short-termism. Before going deep into the arguments the existing situation of Britain’s state ant the relationship of the state with the individual and the range of activities of the state should be looked out. During the course of years Britain had been witnessing a series of crises they are o unemployment problem, housing for the slums, fall of export rates in the economic field etc. The 1920’s saw more industries such as motor and electrical industries but then failed to cater to the standards expected in the world market. On the other side the percentage of unemployment was also gradually increasing. The rate of exports has come down by 50%. But by 1980’s with the intrusion of Margret Thatcher the United Kingdom has become the place of leading trade and financial power. The various state enterprises were given the status of nationalized enterprises. But Britain seemed to have had an imbalanced relationship between its state and citizens. The best illustration could be of the worst housing conditions for the poor and the unfulfilled desires of the state to renew their locality and buildup of houses. There was definitely a failure faced by Britain in the housing matters as a result there was only an increase in the slum houses could be seen. Many political writers and reviewers were of the opinion that a strong and active participation of the citizens in the social and the political activities will turn the state a

Introduction to European Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to European Studies - Essay Example (Mukherjee, 22) But it should be remembered that the idea of Europe, as we know it today, was still in its infancy dealing in ideologies and fundamentals that are not much different from the rest of the known and civilized world. As late as the beginning of the 1700 AD there were still the practice of feudalism in one form or another, there were states that used bonded labours and encouraged slavery, woman rights were not known and structural academic movements were still at bay. This society needed a thrust to start off. And that thrust was inspired from a political movement in England. The Act of Union was passed in British Council whereby four states, England, Ireland, Scotland and Welsh came together to form a political union know as United Kingdom of Great Britain. Subsequent Act of Union was passed in 1707 and 1800 and this was the point of a growing concept which ultimately is on its way towards a unified European Union in the 21st Century. The perception of a common fiscal policy has been granted by most of the states of Europe and Union of European could be within striking distance. However, this modern concept of unification of states is a step towards a better and mutually prosperous situation but at the same time it should be kept in mind the development of Europe as a concept or idea started with other variables too. (Mukherjee, 81) The concept of Europe as a unified cultural sect started along the path of the 1700s and the basic idea of Europe is that unified perception of thought process bounded by cultural, social, religious and political homogeneousness. There are other variables to develop this homogeneousness of states in Europe whereby the idea could be put forward. Religion One such variable is the growth of Christianity as a binding force. It is obvious that religion played an enormous part as the determining factor of conceptualising the unified idea of Europe. The Eight Crusades were just a beginning of this bonding. Though Christianity has changed face along with time and space and at present there are three major distributaries of the religion viz. Roman Catholic, Protestant and Greek Orthodox it cannot be denied that Christ as a Prophet, despite being Semitic by anthropological diversity, it should be noted and the fact that should indulged in this conception, influenced all the tribes of Europe be it Nordic, Alpine or Caucasian. Although, no one can ignore that during the inquisition period this religion did enough to set back the clock for Europe, at least scientifically. But this same inquisition period can be put forward to ensure the bondage that that spread across Europe with the substantial feel of brotherhood. Political Apart from the Act of Union in Great Britain there came another exemplary act that forced all Europe to reconsider their usual concept of life and perception of politics all at the same time all over Europe. This was the French revolution of the late 18th Century. On 20 September 1792 the National Convention abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. Due to the emergency of war the National Convention created the Committee of Public Safety, controlled by the Jacobin Robespierre, to act as the country's executive. Under